Updated information on biomechanical analyses of whole bone and bone-implant systems can offer a significant input. Implantation of orthopedic prostheses for conditions such as osteoarthritis require a strong bone for optimal fixation, a difficult requirement for sites such as the aged spine or hip, where bone strength can be greatly compromised. Fracture is an inherently mechanical event indicating the load-bearing capacity of a particular skeletal element. In modern populations, osteoporotic fractures are becoming increasingly common, with the wrist, spine and hip being the primary sites. Since a great number of people are susceptible to bone disorders, effective diagnostic techniques and prevention are crucial. The overall socioeconomic benefit derived from early diagnosis and prevention of bone disorders is important because it improves the quality of life and minimizes the cost of treating the severe disabilities caused by these diseases. With aging, bone deteriorates, leading to a variety of serious clinical problems. Bone collagen structure in normal and pathological tissues can be illustrated using microscopic techniques and image processing of optical data. The organic phase of bone is composed mostly of collagen. Spectroscopy, microtomography, X-ray absorptiometry are some techniques to study the bone mineral component. The mineral phase plays a significant role, mainly because it strongly affects bone’s strength and quality. At a molecular level, bone constitutes of mineral and protein components.
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